Dyneval https://www.dyneval.com Precise measurement of microscopic motion Wed, 03 Jun 2026 14:43:15 +0000 en-GB hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://www.dyneval.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/cropped-Dynevalicon-32x32.jpg Dyneval https://www.dyneval.com 32 32 Dyneval & CPACT join forces to solve the industry’s biggest particle sizing bottleneck https://www.dyneval.com/dyneval-cpact-join-forces-to-solve-the-industrys-biggest-particle-sizing-bottleneck/ Wed, 03 Jun 2026 10:08:01 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1011182

Dyneval & CPACT join forces to solve the industry’s biggest particle sizing bottleneck

The world of advanced therapeutics, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and complex formulations is moving faster than ever. Yet scientists and process engineers still face a frustrating, decades-old bottleneck: the inability to accurately measure particle-size distributions in highly concentrated, polydisperse samples without altering them.

To solve this problem and drive the next generation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT), Dyneval is proud to announce its official membership with CPACT (Centre for Process Analytics and Control Technology).

A Strategic Alliance for Advanced PAT

Dyneval’s induction into CPACT represents a powerful synergy between a cutting-edge Scottish technology pioneer and Europe’s premier community for process analysis and control. Founded by physicists from the University of Edinburgh, Dyneval specialises in turning complex microscale motion into actionable data. By joining forces with CPACT, Dyneval aims to directly address the manufacturing and quality-control bottlenecks that are currently stalling high-stakes industries.

"Dyneval is thrilled to join CPACT to work with world leaders in PAT technology. Our team looks forward to addressing unmet needs of the industry with the Lumero range, where concentration no longer hinders precise measurement of particle size distributions and contamination."

Dr. Tiffany Wood, CEO & Co-founder of Dyneval

The Innovation: What Makes Lumero Different?

Traditional particle size analysis often forces scientists to compromise: they must dilute almost every sample to make it readable, or risk unreliable and misleading results. However, dilution is far from harmless. It can fundamentally alter the structure, stability, and aggregation behaviour of sensitive, complex formulations.

The Lumero® S1 particle size analyser completely bypasses this limitation. It is engineered to size complex suspensions ranging from tens of nanometers to several microns under their native, unmodified conditions.

"With Lumero, we’ve built a ground-breaking particle size analyser that delivers complete particle size distributions across an exceptionally wide concentration range. By drastically reducing or even removing the need for dilution, and simultaneously capturing aggregates that cause product failure alongside the target particles (e.g. Lipid Nanoparticles), Lumero makes it much easier to uncover hidden issues and accelerate R&D, de-risk processing, and ensure formulation stability."

Dr Joe Bradley, Lumero Product Manager

Key Technical Capabilities at a Glance

  • Minimised Dilution Requirements: Thanks to an exceptionally wide concentration range, the Lumero S1 significantly reduces the need for sample dilution, allowing many complex or opaque industrial suspensions to be measured closer to or exactly in their native state.
  • User-Independent Repeatability: Streamlined, automated software ensures that anyone on the team can achieve precise, highly reproducible data with minimal training.
  • Contamination & Aggregation Detection: High sensitivity across the nano-micro scale allows early tracking of unwanted formulations, structural degradation, or contaminants.
  • The Path to Real-Time Monitoring: While currently optimised as an intuitive at-line or offline benchtop device, Dyneval is working with partners in CPACT as part of a large collaborative grant to actively advance the development of an online device designed for direct integration into active manufacturing pipelines.

Collaborative Opportunities for CPACT Members

Dyneval is actively inviting fellow CPACT members and industry partners to investigate a wide array of challenging materials. Backed by extensive contract research expertise, the Dyneval team is looking to co-develop solutions and run sample testing focused on three core areas:

  • Thorough Physical Characterisation: Utilising key expertise and Dyneval’s unique technology to investigate sample properties and the impact of sample dilution.
  • Formulation Stability: Tracking how complex mixtures age and interact over time without disrupting the native environment.
  • Broad Material Testing: Inviting partners to explore how Lumero technology handles highly complex, dense, or traditionally “un-measurable” industrial suspensions.

Partner with us

Struggling with sample dilution, early-stage aggregation, or real-time quality control? The Dyneval team wants to hear from you. Talk to us or connect via the CPACT network to solve your toughest formulation challenges.
GET IN TOUCH!

Frequently Asked Questions: Particle Sizing & PAT

Learn how next-generation particle sizing and PAT approaches enable accurate analysis of concentrated, complex suspensions using Lumero technology.

How does the Lumero S1 analyse particle size distributions in concentrated suspensions?

Lumero uses Dyneval’s propietary VISTA (Video Intensity Spatio-Temporat Analysis) algorithm to extract particle dynamics from intensity fluctuations. The nature of this algorithm removes the issues of multiple scattering and resolution limits, so lets Lumero measure complex suspensions more closely to their native state. By significantly expanding the operational concentration window, it minimises or eliminates the heavy sample dilution required by traditional light-scattering techniques.

Diluting samples, especially complex formulations, can fundamentally alter their physical structures, change the thermodynamic environment, and destabilise the mixture. In lipid or surfactant containing formulations, self assembled structures can be completely lost, and in sucrose-containing samples changes in osmotic pressure can lead to particle growth. Dilution often disrupts or breaks apart early-stage aggregates, masking critical instabilities and leading to inaccurate quality control data.

Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for particle sizing is crucial in high-stakes fields where formulation integrity is paramount. Key applications include optimising lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems, ensuring batch consistency in advanced therapeutics and animal health, tracking nucleation kinetics, and monitoring long-term formulation stability.

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]]> MCC: Unlock Precision in Sexed Semen Analysis https://www.dyneval.com/mcc-unlock-precision-in-sexed-semen-analysis/ Fri, 28 Nov 2025 09:45:39 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1010408

MCC: Unlock Precision in Sexed Semen Analysis

Measure total and progressive motile cell counts accurately

Achieving target pregnancy rates isn’t always straightforward, even when semen QC is carefully managed. Environmental conditions and handling factors can occasionally introduce variability. When this happens, troubleshooting can be slow, costly, and advisers may hesitate to make confident recommendations without clear data.

This is where Motile Cell Count (MCC) makes a difference. Knowing the exact number of motile cells in a sexed straw helps producers verify that each dose meets its intended performance, ensuring clarity, consistency, and confidence across the supply chain.

Why MCC matters?

Sex-sorted semen straws are rapidly growing in popularity worldwide, thanks to their ability to pre-determine offspring sex with approximately 90% accuracy. This gives farmers the power to control herd composition, enhance profitability, improve efficiency, and accelerate genetic progress.

In semen analysis, accuracy is critical—especially for sex-sorted samples, which typically have lower cell concentrations and higher debris levels compared to conventional or fresh semen. This creates a clear need for a fast, reliable, low-effort, and high-accuracy quality control method.

The best part: For Dynescan users, no extra steps are needed. MCC analysis is automatically applied to every sex-sorted sample during the standard measurement process, providing consistent and reliable results—regardless of operator experience.

Benefits for semen producers

✔ Ensure every straw meets its intended dose

✔ Maintain product consistency across batches

✔ Optimise sorting efficiency and monitor process performance

✔ Support accurate fertility predictions for customers

Benefits for Vets & Advisors

✔ Instant, objective data to support breeding decisions

✔ Portable for real-time farm use

✔ User-independent technology to standardise results

✔ Helps clients increase fertility efficiency & sustainability outcomes

This article might interest you

Game-changing Motile Cell Count algorithm for all sexed- sorted semen

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]]> How to Accurately Assess Semen Quality On-Farm https://www.dyneval.com/how-to-accurately-assess-semen-quality-on-farm/ Fri, 23 May 2025 13:37:24 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1009884

How to Accurately Assess Semen Quality On-Farm

Interview with Dr Esteban Balla, Veterinary Expert in Bovine Reproduction

In modern livestock farming, every detail matters. Knowing the true quality of semen before insemination can mean the difference between a successful pregnancy and a missed opportunity. Yet, many farms still rely on subjective and inconsistent methods. Addressing this challenge, technologies like Dynescan enable, for the first time, precise and reliable semen analysis directly on-farm, without the need for laboratories or visual diagnostics.

We interviewed Dr Esteban Balla, a leading Argentine expert in bovine reproduction, about his experience using Dynescan under real working conditions. The interview offers practical insights into how this precision tool is transforming decision-making for veterinarians, technicians, and producers in reproduction.

Contenido

Where did you train? How many years have you been practising? Where do you work?

Esteban Balla:

“I am a Veterinary Surgeon, having graduated from the Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina. I hold two specialisations: one in Bovine Reproduction and another in Bovine Production. I have spent the past 23 years providing reproductive consultancy for both beef and dairy herds, applying a range of reproductive biotechnologies.

My work includes artificial insemination, reproductive ultrasounds, collection, freezing, and transfer of bovine embryos, as well as andrology—conducting pre-breeding evaluations of bulls and assessing the semen quality of frozen straws.

I am the founder of S.I.B.R.A. (Comprehensive Service for Biotechnologies in Animal Reproduction), a company through which I provide professional services in Argentina and other Latin American countries.”

How many semen quality analyses do you do per year?

Esteban Balla:

“Each year, I carry out around 900 semen quality analyses, including both bulls and frozen straws, depending on the type of reproductive management adopted by my clients—whether they rely exclusively on artificial insemination or use bulls in the herd.

These analyses are essential to ensure that semen quality is adequate and that the selected bulls have the capacity to successfully transfer their genetics.”

How many bulls can you evaluate in a day?

Esteban Balla:

“The number of bulls you can assess in a single day depends heavily on the facilities available at the farm. I’ve managed to evaluate up to 55 bulls in one day. Bull fertility evaluations are not a one-person job—it requires at least two professionals. While one carries out the physical inspection of the bull, the other collects the semen and performs the analysis. We don’t just assess semen quality; we also evaluate the bull’s physical and health status. Blood and preputial mucosa samples are taken to determine their sanitary and physical condition.

It also depends on the support staff available to help gather and restrain the bulls. From my experience, it takes around 10 to 15 minutes per bull. That time is enough to restrain the bull, perform a physical examination of the internal glands, testicles, penis, prepuce, limbs, mouth, and eyes, and collect blood and preputial samples to test for reproductive diseases, as well as collect semen. While the semen is being analysed in the lab we’ve set up using the Dynescan, the assistant brings in the next bull, and we carry out the physical examination during the automated analysis process.”

Before having a Dynescan, how did you evaluate semen quality? What challenges did you face?

Esteban Balla:

“We face many challenges—the first, of course, is the safety of the animal, and another is the safety of the operators, to avoid injuries and ensure we collect a good semen sample that reliably reflects what’s happening inside the bull’s testicles.

I’ve been using the Dynescan daily for almost three years now. Before that, I carried out semen quality analysis in the field, right next to the animal, using a standard optical microscope. That came with many more challenges, especially in terms of keeping the sample clean and interpreting results accurately given the variability in temperature and hygiene conditions during collection.”

Why do you typically reject a bull?

Esteban Balla:

“A bull is usually evaluated right from the moment it enters the holding pen—we observe how it walks, behaves, and interacts with other bulls. We check if it walks and runs properly, which helps us identify any physical issues that might prevent it from mounting females later on.

At some farms, we also carry out a libido test, which involves assessing the bull’s willingness to mount. We place a stationary animal or a dummy in the pen and allow the bulls to move around it, counting how many times each bull attempts to mount. Based on that number, we determine their libido level. Some bulls show no interest at all and remain indifferent—those are immediately eliminated from the process without continuing to the next steps.

The bulls that pass this initial stage go on to receive a full physical, sanitary, and reproductive examination.”

How has Dynescan helped you evaluate fresh semen?

Esteban Balla:

“Dynescan allows me to evaluate motility over time, which is crucial. What I value most about this tool is that it doesn’t just measure initial motility—it shows how motility evolves under low-oxygen conditions over time, which mimics the environment sperm cells encounter in the female reproductive tract.

In just 15 minutes, you can observe the transition from an aerobic to an anaerobic environment. The sperm that survive this transition are the ones most likely to fertilise. This allows me to identify early on which bulls produce sperm that cannot tolerate the shift to low-oxygen conditions.

Based on these results, we determine whether a bull is suitable for natural service within the herd. Across the Americas, in farms where no pre-breeding evaluation of bulls is performed, up to 50% of bulls may be culled the first time they are assessed. However, in farms where annual bull evaluations are conducted, that percentage drops significantly, to around 10–15%.”

How do you prepare samples for the Dynescan?

Esteban Balla:

“Preparing samples for testing with the Dynescan is quite straightforward. Here are the steps I follow:

  1. Equipment setup: I set up the Dynescan and the water bath on a work table next to the cattle crush or in the back of my vehicle, connected to the car battery.

  2. Slide preparation: I place a fixed-volume four-channel slide inside the powered-on Dynescan so the slide can reach the correct temperature.

  3. Data entry: I enter the bull’s details into the Dyneval software. This allows me to generate a PDF report later, which I can then share with the client.

  4. Visual inspection: After semen collection, I evaluate the sample visually to estimate its concentration. I use the parameters from the Canadian school of Dr Albert Barth, which estimates sperm concentration based on the colour and density of the ejaculate.

  5. Short test: I take a raw, undiluted sample and load the slide using a micropipette, then insert it into the Dynescan. I run three analyses at one-minute intervals over a total of three minutes. If the Progressive Motility Percentage is below 50%, I take another sample from the collection tube and apply a dilution.

  6. Dilution and long test: If the three-minute test result is not satisfactory, I dilute the sample—usually at a 1:9 ratio (1/10 dilution factor)—to bring it within the appropriate range for sustained motility analysis. Then I run a 15-minute test (five analyses, each spaced three minutes apart).

  7. Result evaluation: At the end of the test, I obtain a graph showing how semen motility behaves dynamically over time. If motility drops sharply after the first few minutes, it indicates the semen quality is compromised.

  8. Repeat testing: If I have any doubts about the sample quality, I can repeat the semen collection to ensure the results are reliable.”

Preparing the sample takes just a couple of minutes, which allows for fast and accurate results to assess semen quality right there in the field.”

What are the advantages of using a Dynescan?

Esteban Balla:

“Portability is a decisive factor when it comes to evaluating right next to the animal. I also find it advantageous that the Dynescan can analyse samples with a very wide concentration range. That’s a great advantage in the field because handling a diluent with the necessary cleanliness conditions to use it with semen is very cumbersome. The number of samples I dilute has decreased by 60%. Reducing steps is critical to minimise potential risks of damaging semen quality.

If, by visual observation, I determine that the sample has more than 550 million sperm cells per millilitre, I need to dilute it, but it doesn’t have to be very precise, because the concentration range in which the Dynescan analyses the sample with the lowest standard error is between 1 million and 550 million sperm cells per millilitre. So, if I have a sample with 800 million sperm cells, I make a 1-to-1 dilution, bringing the sample down to 400 million sperm cells.

If dilution isn’t necessary, I take a sample from the tube using a micropipette, load the slide, and place it inside the Dynescan for analysis.

Another advantage of the Dynescan for maintaining the sample quality over time is that inside, there is a thermal stage that keeps the sample at 37.5 degrees for as long as necessary. This way, samples are not affected by external heat or cold. Moreover, the way it is built protects the sample from the surroundings. Even if there’s a lot of wind or dust, it’s not a problem, because dust doesn’t interfere with the results.”

What criteria do you use to approve or reject a bull?

Esteban Balla:

“One of the criteria I use to approve a bull is that progressive motility is greater than 50% and sustained over time. Another important criterion is the percentage of normal cells. I’m not only interested in the initial percentage, but also in whether it remains stable under anaerobic conditions. If the semen is capable of maintaining good motility, it means it has a greater potential to fertilise.”

When would you re-evaluate a bull?

Esteban Balla:

“I re-evaluate a bull if its results are inconsistent or if the conditions under which it was evaluated are not optimal. In that case, I would take a new sample after an appropriate interval to ensure the results are reliable.”

Has the data from Dynescan ever motivated you to examine a bull more closely? Can you describe a situation and what you did afterwards?

Esteban Balla:

“Yes, several times. For example, one bull showed acceptable initial motility, but there was a sharp drop just a few minutes later. Based on that evidence, I decided to examine him more closely and discovered he had an interdigital pain that wasn’t showing clinical signs, but his spermatogenesis was already affected. After appropriate treatment and a recovery period (at least 60 days), his results improved significantly.”

What do your producers think about bull fertility testing with a Dynescan?

Esteban Balla:

“Throughout Latin America, and specifically in Argentina, there are generally two types of producers: those who run their production systems in a traditional way, and those who are constantly looking to incorporate new biotechnologies and improve their output. With the first group, it’s a bit more challenging to introduce biotechnologies, but as soon as they see the results from the Dynescan, they don’t hesitate to adopt it.

Producers who are at the forefront have no hesitation in adopting new biotechnologies. As a technical advisor in reproduction, incorporating new biotechnologies allows me to provide a more professional and objective service, helping each producer achieve the best possible results and make their production more efficient.”

Do you notice improvements in conception rates?

Esteban Balla:

“Yes, improvements in reproductive parameters are noticeable, but it’s important to keep in mind that semen is just one of the factors that affect the results. Early identification of bulls with fertility problems within the herd allows me to use only the most fertile ones.”

In what other ways does Dynescan help you in your work?

Esteban Balla:

“In addition to evaluating the quality of breeding bulls, it has been useful in artificial insemination and embryo transfer programmes. The ability to quickly and accurately examine semen before insemination helps ensure that we are using the highest quality semen.”

Have you used it before for In Vivo or In Vitro embryo transfer?

Esteban Balla:

“Yes, and it has been fundamental. By performing the analysis with Dynescan prior to embryo production, we can ensure that the semen used is of the highest possible quality, thereby increasing the chances of success.”

If someone is interested in Dynescan, what would you say to them?

Esteban Balla:

“I’d be happy to share my experience. I’d be delighted to arrange a video call or even chat via WhatsApp—whichever is more convenient. Over the coming months, I’ll be working with the Dynescan in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Bogotá, São Paulo, and possibly in the Dominican Republic. If you’re near any of those cities—or in Córdoba—I’d be glad to schedule a meeting as part of my itinerary. Simply leave your contact request through Dyneval, and I’ll be in touch.”

Picture of Dr Esteban Balla (DVM)

Dr Esteban Balla (DVM)

Bovine Reproduction & Production Specialist,
SIBRA Argentina

This article might interest you
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]]> ¿Cómo evaluar con precisión la calidad del semen a campo? https://www.dyneval.com/como-evaluar-con-precision-la-calidad-del-semen-a-campo/ Fri, 16 May 2025 14:51:41 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1009699

¿Cómo evaluar con precisión la calidad del semen a campo?

Entrevista al Dr. Esteban Balla, veterinario experto en reproducción bovina

En la ganadería moderna, cada detalle cuenta. Evaluar la calidad del semen con precisión antes de inseminar puede marcar la diferencia entre una preñez lograda o una oportunidad perdida. Aun así, en muchos establecimientos se continúa trabajando con métodos subjetivos y poco reproducibles. Frente a este desafío, tecnologías como Dynescan permiten, por primera vez, realizar un análisis preciso y confiable de semen directamente a campo, sin depender de laboratorios ni diagnósticos visuales.

Conversamos con el Dr. Esteban Balla, referente argentino en reproducción bovina, sobre su experiencia utilizando Dynescan en condiciones reales de trabajo. La entrevista ofrece una visión práctica sobre cómo esta herramienta de precisión está cambiando la forma en que veterinarios, técnicos y productores toman decisiones en reproducción.

Contenido

¿Dónde se ha formado? ¿Cuántos años lleva ejerciendo su profesión? ¿Dónde trabaja?

Esteban Balla:

“Soy Médico Veterinario egresado de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina. Cuento con dos especializaciones: una en Reproducción Bovina y otra en Producción Bovina. Desde hace 23 años me dedico al asesoramiento reproductivo en rodeos de carne y de leche, aplicando distintas biotecnologías reproductivas.

Mi trabajo incluye la inseminación artificial, ecografías reproductivas, colección, congelado y transferencia de embriones bovinos, así como también la andrología; análisis de toros preservicio y evaluación de calidad seminal de pajuelas.

Soy fundador de S.I.B.R.A. (Servicio Integral de Biotecnologías en Reproducción Animal), una empresa a través de la cual brindo servicios profesionales en Argentina y otros países de Latinoamérica.”

¿Cuántos análisis de calidad seminal realizas al año?

Esteban Balla:

“Cada año, realizo alrededor de 900 análisis de calidad seminal, entre toros y pajuelas, dependiendo del tipo de manejo reproductivo que adopten mis clientes, ya sea con inseminación artificial exclusiva o con el uso de toros en el rodeo.

Los análisis son parte esencial para asegurar que la calidad del semen sea adecuada y que los toros seleccionados tengan la capacidad de transferir su genética con éxito.”

¿Cuántos toros puede evaluar al día?

Esteban Balla:

“La cantidad de toros que uno puede analizar durante un solo día va a depender mucho de cómo son las instalaciones del establecimiento. Yo he llegado a analizar un máximo de 55 toros en un día. El trabajo de análisis de la revisión de toros no es un trabajo para hacerlo solo, sino que hay que hacerlo entre 2 colegas, como mínimo. Mientras uno realiza la inspección física del toro, la otra persona, extrae el semen y hace el análisis. No solamente se hace el análisis de la calidad seminal, sino la aptitud física y sanitaria del toro. Se toman muestras de sangre y de la mucosa prepucial para poder determinar cuál es el estado sanitario y físico del toro.

También depende del personal que tengamos disponible, que nos ayude a encerrar los toros, a sujetarlos, en mi experiencia personal, entre un toro y otro son 10 y 15 minutos. Ese tiempo nos alcanza para poder encerrarlos, hacer la inspección física de glándulas internas, testículos, pene, prepucio, aplomos, patas, boca y ojos. Como también muestras de sangre y prepucio para controlar enfermedades reproductivas y extraer el semen. Durante el tiempo en que estamos analizando el semen en el laboratorio armado con el Dynescan, el ayudante va introduciendo el siguiente toro y durante el tiempo que transcurre el análisis automático lo revisamos.”

Antes de tener un Dynescan, ¿cómo evaluabas la calidad del semen? ¿Qué desafíos enfrentabas?

Esteban Balla:

“Tenemos muchos desafíos, el primero, por supuesto, es la seguridad del animal, otro es la seguridad de los operarios, para evitar golpes, lesiones y obtener una buena muestra de semen que sea fiable y represente correctamente lo que está pasando dentro del testículo del toro.

Hace casi 3 años que vengo utilizando diariamente el Dynescan y antes de ese tiempo hacía el análisis de calidad seminal en el campo, también al lado del animal con el microscopio óptico, el cual, me representaba muchos más desafíos con respecto a mantener la muestra limpia, interpretar los resultados según las condiciones de temperatura y limpieza con la que obtenía las muestras.”

¿Por qué normalmente rechazas un toro?

Esteban Balla:

” Normalmente el toro se comienza a evaluar desde que está en el corral de encierre, viendo cómo camina, cómo se comporta y cómo interacciona con otros toros. Normalmente uno ve si camina bien, si corre bien. Ya vamos a determinar si puede tener algún tipo de problema físico en caminar que le impida después montar a las hembras. En algunos establecimientos hacemos la prueba de líbido, que consiste en evaluar la capacidad del toro de montar a una hembra. Lo que hacemos es dejar quieto un animal o un muñeco y dejamos que los toros den vuelta alrededor. Y contamos cuántas veces monta cada toro a ese muñeco. Dependiendo de la cantidad, es el nivel de libido. Hay toros que no tienen, líbido, no se interesan, se muestran indiferentes. Esos toros son eliminados de antemano, sin necesidad de continuar con el análisis. Los toros que pasan esa prueba van a la revisión física, sanitaria y reproductiva propiamente dicha.”

¿Cómo ha ayudado Dynescan a evaluar el semen fresco?

Esteban Balla:

“Dynescan me permite evaluar la motilidad a lo largo del tiempo, lo cual es crucial. Lo que más valoro de esta herramienta es que no solo mide la motilidad inicial, sino cómo evoluciona en condiciones de bajo oxígeno en el tiempo, condición que se encuentran los espermatozoides  en el aparato reproductivo de la hembra. En solo 15 minutos, se hace evidente la transición de un ambiente aeróbico a uno anaeróbico. Los espermatozoides que sobreviven a esta transición son los más aptos para fecundar. De esta manera puedo identificar en forma temprana los toros en los cuales sus espermatozoides no resisten el cambio a un ambiente sin oxígeno.

En base a los resultados, decidimos si ese toro es apto o no para el servicio natural dentro del rodeo. Una estadística a nivel regional en toda América, en establecimientos donde no se hace ningún tipo de revisión preservicio de los toros, cuando se realiza por primera vez se puede llegar eliminar hasta un 50% de toros. En cambio, en establecimientos donde anualmente se hace la revisión de toros, ese porcentaje se reduce considerablemente, entre el 10 y el 15%.”

¿Cómo preparas las muestras para Dynescan?

Esteban Balla:

“La preparación de las muestras para la prueba con Dynescan es bastante sencilla. Aquí te detallo los pasos:

  1. Preparación del equipo: Armo el Dynescan y el baño maría en la mesa de trabajo al lado de la manga o en la parte posterior de mi vehículo conectado a la batería del auto. 
  2. Preparación de los portaobjetos: Coloco un portaobjeto de cuatro canales de volumen fijo dentro del Dynescan encendido para que el portaobjetos se atempere.
  3. Ingreso de datos: Introduzco los datos del toro en el software del Dyneval, así luego podré generar un reporte en PDF para poder darle al cliente.
  4. Observación visual: Después de extraer el semen, evalúo la muestra visualmente para determinar su concentración. Me baso en los parámetros de la escuela canadiense del Dr. Albert Bart para estimar la concentración de espermatozoides, donde determina su concentración en base al color y la densidad del eyaculado.
  5. Análisis corto: Tomo una muestra sin diluir, con una micropipeta cargo el portaobjeto y lo inroduzco en el Dynescan. Realizo 3 análisis, a intervalos de 1 minuto cada uno, con un tiempo total de 3 minutos. Si el % de Motilidad Progresivo es menos a 50%, tomo otra muestra del tubo de recolección y aplico una dilución.
  6. Dilución y Análisis largo: si la prueba de 3 minutos no fue satisfactoria, realizo una dilución, generalmente 1:9 (factor de dilución 1/10), para reducirla a un rango adecuado para el análisis sostenido en el tiempo y llevo a cabo una prueba de 15 minutos totales (5 test cada 3 minutos entre cada uno).
  7. Evaluación de los resultados: Al finalizar el análisis, obtengo una gráfica que muestra cómo se comporta la motilidad del semen en forma dinámica. Si la motilidad cae abruptamente después de los primeros minutos, esto indica que la calidad del semen está comprometida.
  8. Repetición de la prueba: Si tengo dudas sobre la calidad de la muestra, puedo repetir la extracción de semen para asegurarme que los resultados sean fiables.

Preparar la muestra lleva un par de minutos, lo que permite obtener resultados rápidos y precisos para evaluar la calidad del semen en el campo.”

¿Cuál son las ventajas de usar un Dynescan?

Esteban Balla:

“La portabilidad es un factor determinante cuando uno debe evaluar al pie del animal. También encuentro ventajoso que Dynescan pueda analizar muestras que tengan un rango de concentración muy amplio. Esa es una gran ventaja a campo porque es muy engorroso manejar un diluyente con las condiciones de limpieza que se necesitan para poder usarlo con el semen. El número de muestras que diluyo ha disminuido un 60%. Disminuir pasos es crítico para reducir posibles riesgos de dañar la calidad seminal.

Si por observación visual, determino que la muestra tiene más de 550 millones de espermatozoides por mililitro, necesito diluirla, pero no necesito que sea muy precisa, porque el rango de concentración en la cual el Dynescan analiza la muestra con el menor error estándar es entre 1 millón y 550 millones de espermatozoides por mililitro. Entonces si yo tengo una muestra de 800 millones de espermatozoides, hago una dilución, 1 en 1, llevando la muestra a 400 millones de espermatozoides.

Si no hace falta diluirla, tomo con una micropipeta, una muestra del tubo, cargo el portaobjeto y lo pongo dentro del Dynescan para hacer el análisis. 

Otra de las ventajas del Dynescan para mantener la calidad de la muestra en el tiempo es que, dentro hay una platina térmica que mantiene la muestra a 37,5 grados durante el tiempo que sea necesario. Así, las muestras no se ven afectadas por el calor o el frío del ambiente exterior. Además, la forma en que está construido protege la muestra del entorno. Incluso si hay mucho viento o polvo, no es un problema, porque el polvo no interfiere con los resultados.”

¿Qué criterios utilizas para aprobar o rechazar un toro?

Esteban Balla:

“Uno de los criterios que utilizo para aprobar a un toro es la motilidad progresiva sea mayor a 50% y sostenida en el tiempo. Otro criterio importante es el porcentaje de células normales. No solo me importa el porcentaje inicial, sino también que se mantenga durante las condiciones de anaerobiosis. Si el semen es capaz de mantener una buena movilidad, significa que tiene mayor potencial para fertilizar.”

¿Cuándo volverías a evaluar a un toro?

Esteban Balla:

“Vuelvo a evaluar a un toro si sus resultados son inconsistentes o si las condiciones bajo las que fue evaluado no son óptimas. En ese caso, tomaría una nueva muestra en un intervalo adecuado, para asegurarme de que los resultados son fiables.”

¿Te ha motivado la data de Dynescan a examinar más a fondo algún toro? ¿Puedes describir alguna situación y qué hiciste después?

Esteban Balla:

“Sí, varias veces. Por ejemplo, un toro mostraba una motilidad inicial aceptable, pero la caída era abrupta a los pocos minutos. Debido a esa evidencia, decidí revisarlo más en detalle y resultó que presentaba un dolor interdigital que no lo demostraba clinicamente, pero ya tenía afectada su espermatogénesis. Tras un tratamiento adecuado y el período de recuperación (mínimo 60 días), sus resultados mejoraron notablemente.”

¿Qué opinan sus productores acerca de las pruebas de fertilidad de los toros con un Dynescan?

Esteban Balla:

“Normalmente en toda Latinoamérica, específicamente en Argentina, existen productores que manejan su sistema de producción en forma tradicional o están los productores que quieren incorporar continuamente biotecnologías nuevas y mejorar su producción. Con los primeros, es un poco más difícil introducir biotecnologías, pero en cuanto ellos, ven que los resultados del Dynescan, no dudan en incorporarlo.

Los productores que están a la vanguardia, no dudan en adoptar nuevas biotecnologías. Como asesor técnico en reproducción, incorporar nuevas biotecnologías me permite brindar un servicio más profesional y objetivo, ayudando a que cada productor obtenga los mejores resultados y haga su producción más eficiente.”

¿Notas mejoras en las tasas de concepción?

Esteban Balla:

“Si se notan las mejoras en los parámetros reproductivos, pero hay que tener en cuenta que el semen es uno de los factores que afectan los resultados. Identificar en forma temprana dentro del rodeo cuáles son los toros con problemas de fertilidad, me permite utilizar solamente los más fértiles.“

¿De qué otras formas Dynescan te ayuda en tu trabajo?

Esteban Balla:

“Además de evaluar la calidad de los toros reproductores, ha sido útil en programas de inseminación artificial y transferencia de embriones. La posibilidad de examinar el semen de forma rápida y precisa antes de la inseminación ayuda a asegurar que estamos usando el semen de mejor calidad.”

¿Lo has usado antes para transferencia de embriones In Vivo o In Vitro?

Esteban Balla:

“Sí, y ha sido fundamental. Al realizar el análisis con Dynescan antes de la producción de embriones, podemos asegurarnos de que el semen utilizado tenga la mejor calidad posible y aumente las probabilidades de éxito.”

Si alguien está interesado en Dynescan, ¿qué le dirías?

Esteban Balla:

“Le diría que con gusto puedo compartir mi experiencia. Estoy encantado de tener una videollamada o incluso hablar por WhatsApp, según lo que le resulte más cómodo. En los próximos meses voy a estar trabajando con el Dynescan en Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Bogotá, San Paulo y posiblemente en República Dominicana . Si están cerca de esas ciudades —o en Córdoba—, con gusto puedo incluir una reunión en mi cronograma. Simplemente déjenme su solicitud de contacto a través de Dyneval y me comunicaré.”

Picture of Dr Esteban Balla

Dr Esteban Balla

Especialista en Reproducción y Producción Bovina, SIBRA Argentina

This article might interest you

Dynescan is Now Available in Spanish

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]]> Game-changing motile cell count algorithm for all sex-sorted semen https://www.dyneval.com/game-changing-motile-cell-count-algorithm-for-all-sex-sorted-semen/ Wed, 02 Apr 2025 16:59:44 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1009417

Game-changing motile cell count algorithm for all sex-sorted semen

Our ground-breaking MCC algorithm automatically calculates the concentration of both total motile and progressive motile cells in any sex-sorted sample measured with the Dynescan. It works seamlessly in the background while you perform your usual analysis — no extra steps, no extra hassle.

When combined with the large field of view of Dynescan videos, this technology has the potential to set a new standard in quality control (QC) for sex-sorted semen, as it addresses limitations of CASA instruments. For instance, it captures up to 10 times more cells in a single field of view, and delivers results that are independent of the user and their experience. Our MCC algorithm is particularly well suited for evaluating sexed semen straws produced by any sorting technology, but it can also be applied to conventional straws (upon request).

How to use the beta MCC Analysis

The best part? For Dynescan users, no extra steps are needed. The MCC analysis is automatically applied to every sex-sorted sample during the standard measurement process, guaranteeing consistent and reliable results — no matter the operator’s experience. 

Look for the Total Motile Count (TMC) and Progressive Motile Count (PMC) per milliliter, conveniently displayed under Concentration Test Results in the Dyneval web app. These results can also be easily accessed in the Dyneval’s Semen Motility PDF report, ensuring quick and straightforward evaluation of semen quality.

MCC Algorithm Validation

A total of 110 semen straws, including both conventional and sex-sorted samples, were analysed to validate the MCC algorithm. Each straw was assessed undiluted, loaded into 20 µm depth Leja® slides, and sealed with Vaseline® to prevent drift. Measurements were conducted using the IVOS® II (Hamilton Thorne) and the Dynescan (Dyneval®) within the same chamber, with all readings taken within one minute. Any motile cells missed by the IVOS® II were manually corrected, an additional, time consuming step that required careful attention to ensure a fair comparison. The results are in Figure 1. Given that Dynescan’s field of view is approximately 10 times larger than that of the IVOS® II, no fewer than seven fields of view were analysed per sample using the IVOS® II.

IVOS® II vs. Dynescan Comparison
Fig 1.Two plots demonstrating the agreement between the IVOS II results and the Motile Cell Count (MCC) algorithm of the Dynescan. Note that cells missed by the IVOS II are corrected for. The standard Qualivet settings were used to categorize cell types for both technologies, and both conventional and sexed semen straws [1]. The plots show their fit with its corresponding gradient, where the y-intercept has been fixed to zero. Left: The progressively motile cell concentration ranging from around 1M/mL to over 40M/mL. Right: The total motile concentration results ranging from around 1M/mL to above 60M/mL.

We found our MCC algorithm agreed quantitatively with the IVOS II within less than 4%, on average, giving an excellent correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.99 for both TMC and PMC. This correlation is maintained for a wide range of motile concentrations from as low as 1.4M/mL up to around 60M/mL. Minor deviations were observed at higher concentrations (>55M/mL total motile), which, for a motility of 50%, corresponds to a total concentration of around 110M/mL—well within the range of many conventional semen straws. While these differences are minimal, further investigation is required to determine their significance at elevated concentrations.

We note that we do not consider the capillary correction when using Leja channel slides, and the same correction is removed from the IVOS II values, to compare results fairly. See the bottom of page for more information. Also, please be aware that the MCC is measured in millions of cells per millimeter, if you wish to know how much is in a 0.25mL straw you must divide it by 4. 

Current standards and CASA systems

In the world of semen analysis, accuracy matters. This is especially true for sex-sorted semen samples, which contain low concentrations and a significant amount of debris in comparison to conventional or fresh semen. With sex-sorted straws growing in popularity worldwide, there is an urgent need for a quick, reliable, low-effort, and high-accuracy method for quality control.

The two different methods to process sexed semen are as follows:

  • Cells are physically sorted, only allowing one gender to enter the straw. Figure 2 (a)
  • The undesired gender is ablated before the sample is added to the straw. Figure 2 (b)

 

The images in Figure 2 are examples of the two different sorting types, which both contain significant amounts of debris. This creates a challenging environment for CASA systems, which struggle to accurately characterise percentage motility in the presence of debris. Debris are often detected as non-motile cells, artificially lowering motility. Additionally, the high magnification required by CASA systems makes them sensitive to slight variations in focus, further affecting measurement consistency. These challenges are compounded by the fact that different sex-sorting technologies use varying preparation protocols, resulting in additional variability in sample characteristics.

Two different methods to process sexed semen
Fig 2. Two examples of sex sorted samples. (a) demonstrates the method that filters out the unwanted gender from the straw, and (b) shows the technique that ablates cells of the incorrect gender, which are seen in the sample. The circled subfigure offers a magnified view of an ablated cell, demonstrating the ease with which it can be identified as a regular cell.

The challenges associated with CASA systems mentioned above, can all be solved with our MCC algorithm. The following advantages of the MCC algorithm collectively enhance its accuracy and precision beyond what has been achieved with conventional approaches.

  • It captures 10x more cells in a single field of view due to the Dyneval, low magnification videos, reducing variability and saving time.
  • It is not sensitive on focus due to low magnification, making it user-independent and less prone to user mistakes.
  • It excludes the detection of cells that lack the capacity to migrate through the fallopian tube to fertilise the oocyte, thereby eliminating errors caused by the misidentification of non-cellular, non-motile particles.

Shaping the future: Dyneval's MCC algorithm

At Dyneval, we believe the industry deserves better tools — tools that deliver accuracy, consistency, and confidence. That’s why we’ve developed an innovative algorithm to measure Motile Cell Count (MCC): a game-changing feature that sets a new benchmark for semen analysis.

The MCC algorithm provides breeders, researchers, and technicians with a deeper understanding of semen quality over time — delivering precise, transparent data that empowers smarter, evidence-based decisions.

We believe MCC has the potential to become standard practice across the industry, transforming the way semen quality is assessed and unlocking better outcomes from lab to field.

We’d love to hear how MCC is supporting your work — share your thoughts with us at contact@dyneval.com.

References

  1. O’Meara, C., Henrotte, E., Kupisiewicz, K., Latour, C., Broekhuijse, M., Camus, A., Gavin-Plagne, L., & Sellem, E.. (2022). The effect of adjusting settings within a Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system on bovine sperm motility and morphology results. Animal Reproduction, 19(1), e20210077. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2021-0077 

 

Note on the SS-effect:

It is claimed that applying the capillary correction is due to a phenomenon called the Segre-Silberberg effect. Based on experimental evidence, we have found such effect is not justified for semen samples and so have removed the factor of 1.3 that is applied to all IVOS II concentration measurements. Further details to follow.

This article might interest you

Semen longevity under heat stress conditions

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]]> Dynescan is Now Available in Spanish https://www.dyneval.com/dynescan-is-now-available-in-spanish/ Wed, 05 Mar 2025 12:28:36 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1009296

Dynescan is Now Available in Spanish

At Dyneval, we recognise the importance of clear communication in labs and farms. While English is widely used, Spanish and Portuguese dominate Latin America, making accessibility crucial. A language barrier can lead to errors in data collection, misinterpretation of results, and reduced efficiency. Ensuring that our users can operate Dynescan with confidence in their preferred language is essential to achieving accurate and reliable outcomes.

Expanding Accessibility with Spanish Support

During our first visit to South America, it became clear that supporting customers meant making our technology more accessible. Farmers, veterinarians, and lab technicians rely on clear instructions to collect and analyse semen quality data accurately. With Spanish speakers on our team, we acted quickly to implement a structured translation plan.

We are excited to introduce Spanish as the first available translation for the Dynescan Desktop Application, allowing a broader range of users to benefit from our technology. All active users have been notified with instructions on how to enable this feature and start using Dynescan in Spanish immediately.

What’s Next? Portuguese and More

Our efforts don’t stop here—Portuguese is next, expanding accessibility even further across Latin America and beyond. In addition to software translation, we are working on localising the Dynescan web application and PDF reports, ensuring users can generate and interpret their results in their native language. These enhancements will improve usability and contribute to better decision-making for farm and lab professionals worldwide. Our team is dedicated to making these updates as seamless as possible while maintaining the highest accuracy and quality standards.

Supported by Key Partners

This expansion was made possible with support from Scottish Development International and the Latin American team at the Department for Business and Trade (DBT). Their guidance and resources have helped us establish a strong presence in the region, connecting us with key distributors and partners who share our vision for improving reproductive efficiency in livestock production. Thanks to their collaboration, Dyneval is strengthening its reach in the Southern Cone and building valuable relationships that will drive further innovation and adoption of our technology.

We appreciate your patience and support as we continue optimising and expanding our services and functionalities. 

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]]> Identifying Subfertile Bulls for Better Breeding https://www.dyneval.com/identifying-subfertile-bulls-for-better-breeding/ Tue, 04 Mar 2025 09:07:18 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1009263

Identifying Subfertile Bulls for Better Breeding

Reproductive success is at the heart of sustainable livestock production. However, subfertile bulls pose a hidden challenge, leading to reduced conception rates and economic losses. Traditional semen quality assessments often fail to detect subtle deficiencies in motility that impact fertility. Dyneval’s research, as outlined in the recent case study, demonstrates how time-dependent semen analysis can revolutionise the identification of subfertile bulls, ensuring optimal breeding decisions.

The Challenge: Detecting Hidden Subfertility

Artificial insemination (AI) relies on semen quality to achieve high conception rates. While traditional assessment methods such as gross motility and progressive motility offer a snapshot of sperm movement, they do not capture the crucial time-dependent changes that determine sperm longevity and fertilization potential. This limitation leaves farmers, veterinarians, and genetics companies with incomplete data, potentially allowing subfertile bulls to remain in breeding programs. ‘I’m interested in learning more about how semen lifetime analysis can help us identify potential health or genetic issues in bulls’, commented Rodrigo de Moraes Rodrigues (New Business Manager, Alta Genetics Brazil).

The Dyneval Approach: Precision Motility Analysis

Dynescan semen analyser provides an advanced solution by analysing semen progressive motility over time. The study revealed that semen samples from bulls with lower fertility showed a significant decline in motility within just 15 minutes despite having passed full Veterinary Assessment and morphological examination. In contrast, semen from highly fertile bulls retained motility for extended periods, demonstrating higher viability for fertilisation.

By leveraging time-dependent progressive motility analysis, the Dynescan semen analyser enables precise differentiation between bulls with high and low fertility potential. This empowers AI technicians, veterinarians, and genetics companies to make data-driven decisions when selecting sires, leading to improved reproductive outcomes.

The Impact: Enhanced Fertility and Productivity

Higher Conception Rates – By identifying bulls with superior semen longevity, producers can optimise insemination strategies and improve pregnancy rates.

Reduced Economic Losses – Early detection of subfertile bulls prevents wasted resources on ineffective breeding efforts.

Sustainable Livestock Management – Maximising fertility supports efficient breeding programs, reducing methane emissions to lower the carbon footprint associated with reproductive inefficiencies.

Looking Ahead: A New Standard in Semen Assessment

The ability to measure semen motility over time marks a paradigm shift in fertility management. Dyneval’s research reinforces the need for advanced analysis techniques to ensure every straw of semen used in AI contributes to reproductive success. As this technology gains adoption, it will redefine industry standards for semen quality evaluation, delivering benefits across the entire livestock sector.

Read Full Case Study

Identifying Subfertile Bulls with Time Dependent Fresh Semen Analysis 

Traducción al Español

Identificación de toros subfertiles mediante análisis de semen fresco sostenido en el tiempo 

Boost Fertility with Time-Dependent Analysis

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]]> Fresh Semen Testing https://www.dyneval.com/fresh-semen-testing/ Tue, 08 Oct 2024 16:01:51 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1007883

Fresh Semen Testing

Improve decisions with precise semen analysis on fresh semen pen-side

Bull fertility can be compromised for a myriad of reasons, poor nutrition [1], obesity [2], heat stress [3], and bacterial infection [4]. The majority of farm vets still rely on visual assessment using an optical microscope at the farm. When 65 farm vets were asked to assess the % progressive motility of a single video, results between experts varied by over 40% [5]. The challenge of accurate assessment is further exacerbated by air flow around open microscopes at the farm and issues around sample preparation protocols.

Pen-side fresh semen testing

The Dynescan is a portable, enclosed instrument with a unique underpinning technology that performs measurements of equal precision at the farm and in the laboratory using sealed channel slides for consistent sample preparation. Measurements of the % progressive motility and speed of spermatozoa can be performed over a wide range of concentrations from 1 – 550 million cells/ml, unlike other semen analysers. Results are reproducible with less than 3% standard deviation between users and measurements can be repeated at regular intervals over time to explore whether motility will be sustained in low oxygen conditions similar to the reproductive tract. When measuring fresh semen on farm we recommend a dilution of 1 part fresh ejaculate to 9 parts buffer (e.g. phosphate buffer saline) to obtain accurate measurement of % progressive motility. While it is possible to measure the % progressive motility within 2 minutes, we recommend taking regular measurements for up to 15 minutes with fresh diluted semen as shown in Figure 1.

Assessing Spermatozoa Swimming Speed and Progressive Motility in Low Oxygen
Fig 1. Dynescan measurements of the a) swimming speed and b) % progressive motility of spermatozoa over time allow us to explore the ability of spermatozoa to remain motile in low oxygen conditions, similar to the reproductive tract. Bull 3 is unable to retain motility in low oxygen conditions.

Bull 1 is an example of an excellent bull. The speed begins at 350 µm/s and then reduces after 10 minutes to around 150 µm/s. A drop in speed signifies the transition in the metabolic pathway from consuming oxygen to other energy sources within the media. Despite the drop in speed, the % progressive motility remains constant between 65-68% throughout.

Bull 2 is an example of bull that would not pass a bull fertility exam on the basis of poor % progressive motility. The speed is slow at around 40 µm/s. The % progressive motility is low at around 19-22% throughout. Bull 3 is an example of a bull that would have passed a bull fertility exam on the basis of its initial % progressive motility being over 60%, measured at 74% initially, and a vigourous swimming speed of 308 µm/s. As expected, the speed halves within 5 minutes indicating the transition in metabolic pathway to low-oxygen conditions. Unexpectedly, the % progressive motility drops dramatically falling to less than 15% within 10 minutes. This bull should not pass a bull fertility exam because its spermatozoa are unable to maintain motility in low-oxygen conditions similar to the reproductive tract. It is vital that spermatozoa are motile in low-oxygen conditions in order to fertilise the oocyte. A loss of motility at early times is associated with poor embryo growth and poor fertility outcomes [6].

A fast method to identify poorly performing bulls

Dynescan also has the capability to analyse undiluted fresh semen. While its capacity to measure accurately % progressive motility at concentrations above 550 million cells/ml may be affected by the presence of correlated motion, known as gross motility, Dynescan can measure swimming speed which provides insights into how well semen sustains motility in low oxygen conditions. Performing measurements on undiluted semen we measured 69% progressive motility for bull 1, 24% for bull 2 and 11% for bull 3 indicating that Dynescan measurements on fresh undiluted samples, taking just 2 minutes, are a good guide to understand motility in the reproductive tract. This is because the oxygen is consumed very quickly, before the measurement, at high cell concentrations. Strictly, it is not possible to measure accurately the % progressive motility of fresh semen at high concentrations because non-motile cells are swept along by motile cells but results suggest
that Dynescan measurements on undiluted fresh semen offer insights into activity in low-oxygen conditions.

Bull recovery plans

Bull 3 was observed to be lame suggesting that injury or infection has affected the anaerobic (low oxygen) pathway for spermatozoa. We anticipate that Dynescan measurements will become useful for detecting underlying conditions that are otherwise unobserved. Through developing a richer understanding of the connection between disease and semen quality, we will be able to identify treatment pathways and use the Dynescan to observe recovery of the bull. This will ensure that we are able to keep bulls with top genetic merit within the herd and reduce biosecurity risks associated with bring new bulls onto the farm. We encourage and support research projects to help improve our understanding of factors affecting bull fertility.

Picture of Hannah Nicholson

Hannah Nicholson

Junior Researcher, University of Edinburgh

The experiments were conducted by Hannah Nicholson, a Junior Researcher on placement at Dyneval.

This article might interest you

Semen longevity under heat stress conditions

References

  1. A. K. Singh, S. K. Rajak, K. Priyaranjan, S. Kerketta and R. K. Yogi, “Nutrition and bull fertility: A review,” Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 635-643, 2018.
  2. P. I. P. Fontes, L. M. Goncalves, S. M. Zoca and S. Burato, “Impact of Sire Over-conditioning on Bull Fertility,” ARSBC Proceedings, 2023.
  3. M. B. Rahman, K. Schellander, N. L. Luceno and A. Van Soom, “Heat stress responses in spermatozoa: Mechanisms and consequences for cattle fertility,” Theriogenology, vol. 113, pp. 102-112, 2018.
  4. E. Moretti, S. Capitani, N. Figura, A. Pammolli, M. Grazia Federico, V. Giannerini and G. Collodel, “The presence of bacteria species in semen and sperm quality,” Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 26, pp. 47-56, 2009.
  5. Dyneval survey of 65 attendees of the British Cattle Veterinary Association congress in 2023, https://www.dyneval.com/dynescan-proves-to-take-bull-fertility-exams-to-a-new-level/
  6. J. G. Alvarez, J. F. Mortola, D. Minaretzis, I. E. Thompson and C. Brent Barrett, “The sperm stress test: a novel test that predicts pregnancy in assisted reproductive technologies,” Fertility and Sterility, vol. 2, p. 65, 1996.

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]]> Semen longevity under heat stress conditions https://www.dyneval.com/semen-longevity-under-heat-stress-conditions/ Fri, 13 Sep 2024 22:33:44 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1007765

Semen longevity under heat stress conditions

Can we use Dynescan to identify batches of semen that will be more suitable for cows in hot regions?

The rectal temperature inside a cow can climb as high as 41.5 °C when experiencing heat stress [1]. Poor conception rates are often blamed on a cow’s reduced feed intake, negative energy balance and endocrine disruptions [2] but little consideration has been given to the ability
of semen to tolerate elevated temperatures. In order to fertilise, spermatozoa must maintain sufficient motility while experiencing high temperatures in an oxygen deficient environment in the reproductive tract.

The Sustained Motility Lifetime at elevated temperatures

Dynescan allows for precise, automated measurements of the speed and % progressive motility (PM) of spermatozoa over time as a semen sample passes from high to low oxygen conditions.  The Sustained Motility Lifetime (SML) is defined as the time (t) at which the initial % progressive motility (PM0) falls to one half of its original value (PM0/2).   

To explore the effects of elevated temperatures the Dynescan sample chamber was held at specific temperatures (±0.3°C) between 35°C to 45°C while the PM was measured over time.  An example, shown in Figure 1, show that the % progressive motility declines at sooner at elevated temperatures, resulting in a shorter SML.

Fig 1. a) % Progressive Motility over time for a batch of conventional thawed bull semen (bull 1 2020) held at temperatures between 35.6°C to 44.9°C. The sustained motility lifetime (SML) is the time at which the initial % progressive motility (PM_0) falls to one half (PM_0/2).

Do some batches decline more rapidly with temperature than others?

To explore variation between bulls and batches, 21 Jersey bulls collected in a cool climate (UK) were measured. Considerable differences were observed between batches of semen with the SML at 37.5 °C varying from less than one hour to over ten hours, as shown in Figure 2. This led to the question, do some samples decline more rapidly with temperature than others? Further data analysis indicated that, if we normalise the SML at any temperature by the SML at body temperature, the reduction in the SML as a function of temperature declines linearly with a gradient of -0.12 ± 0.02 for all batches. Since the rate of decline of SML is independent of the batch, we are able to predict the likely SML at elevated temperatures based on the SML measured at body temperature.

As a rule of thumb, the SML at 41.5 °C will be half that measured at 37.5°C

Note: It is standard to incubate semen straws for 2-3 hours as part of a quality control checks [3]. For cells that become non-motile due to shut down of their metabolic activity, motility can be re-activated once exposed to oxygen [3]. Automated measurements using Dynescan ensure motility can be measured through the transition from high to low oxygen conditions to understand truly the metabolic pathways.

Cows experiencing heat stress are more likely to conceive if inseminated with batches of semen having a long Sustained Motility Lifetime.

Fig 2. Sustained Motility Lifetime (SML)) measured for conventional semen taken from three different bulls as a function of temperature. The inset shows the SML, normalised by the SML at body temperature (37.5°C), decreases linearly with a gradient of -0.12±0.02 for all samples.
Picture of Jonathan Kidd

Jonathan Kidd

MPhys student, University of Edinburgh

Experiments were perfomed by Jonathan Kidd, a Master of Physics student at the University of Edinburgh who spent an internship with Dyneval during summer 2024 to develop his experimental and analytical skills.

This case study might interest you
New Insights Heat Stress

References

[1] G. Yan, K. Liu, Z. Hao, Z. Shi and H. Li, “The effects of cow-related factors on rectal temperature, respiration rate and temperature-humidity index thresholds for lactating cows exposed to heat stress,” Journal of Thermal Biology, vol. 100, p. 103041, 2021.

[2] A. Sammad, S. Umer, R. Shi, H. Zhu, X. Zhao and Y. Wang, “Dairy cow reproduction under the influence of heat stress,” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, vol. 104, pp. 978-986, 2020.

[3] J. Krzyzosiak, P. Molan and R. Vishwanath, “Measurements of bovine sperm velocities under true anaerobic and aerobic conditions,” Animal Reproduction Science, vol. 55, pp. 163-173, 1999.

[4] AJLabs, “Mapping the hottest temperatures around the world”, www.aljazeera.com/
news/2023/7/5/what-is-the-highest-temperature-ever-recorded-in-your-country-2, Al Jazeera, 5 July 2023.

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]]> Inaugural Dynescan Day sets new standards https://www.dyneval.com/inaugural-dynescan-day-sets-new-standards/ Wed, 31 Jul 2024 12:38:49 +0000 https://www.dyneval.com/?p=1007594

Inaugural Dynescan Day sets new standards

Dyneval hosted the inaugural Dynescan Day in Edinburgh on 19 June 2024. The event gathered visitors from Argentina, Paraguay, Ireland, Jersey, and the UK. Dynescan Day provides a unique opportunity for current and potential future users to share expert knowledge in bovine reproduction and deepen their understanding of how to use  Dynescan to improve productivity. Distinguished speakers explained the importance of semen motility in the reproductive tract, discussed bull fertility testing, explored challenges around quality control across the supply chain, and reported the latest data correlating the Sustained Motility Lifetime with conception rates on farms.

The event was a resounding success, as evidenced by the encouraging and motivating feedback from attendees. Iain McCormick from Zoetis praised the event, saying:

“'It was one of the best CPD days I've had for a long time. Excellent speakers and great discussions. Well done to all your team and I look forward to the next Dyneval CPD day!.”

Dynescan_Day_2024_1
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Summary of Topics Presented at Dynescan Day '24

Sperm Transport in the Female Genital Tract: When Does Motility Matter?

Picture of Prof. Sabine Koelle

Prof. Sabine Koelle

University College Dublin, Ireland

Professor Sabine Koelle from University College Dublin presented exciting insights from her research on how spermatozoa travel through and interact with the female genital tract. Her research has shown that sperm remain motile within the sperm reservoir due to secretions from the oviduct. Sabine highlighted the precision offered by Dynescan sets new standards, enabling her to assess the quality of semen samples used in her research and optimize protocols using time-dependent measurements. She stressed the need for a holistic view of fertility, considering factors such as genetics, diseases, medications, and husbandry as key indicators for the viability of spermatozoa for fertilization.

Fresh Semen Analysis: Workflow and Insights from Argentina

Picture of Dr. Esteban Balla, DVM

Dr. Esteban Balla, DVM

SIBRA (Servicio Integral de Biotecnologías en Reproducción Animal), Argentina

Dr. Esteban Balla, DVM, from SIBRA (Servicio Integral de Biotecnologías en Reproducción Animal), presented a veterinarian’s view of bull fertility testing in Argentina. Esteban emphasized the need for regular testing of bull soundness and highlighted the use of Dynescan to assess fresh semen quality at the farm. The value of evaluating semen quality as a function of time was also highlighted, with case studies indicating that semen that initially appeared to be of high quality can lose motility within minutes, revealing a new, fast and convenient way to identify poor reproductive performance during bull fertility testing at the farm.

The Value of On-farm Semen Testing to Raise Dairy Conception Rates

Picture of Dave Gilbert

Dave Gilbert

Horizon Dairy Vets, UK

Dave Gilbert from Horizon Dairy Vets emphasized the importance of semen analysis from farmers’ perspective. According to Dave, farmers who utilize this service aim to assess their investment in purchasing straws for artificial insemination and determine how best to manage the AI process. He uses Dynescan to analyze semen samples and feels more confident in sharing and discussing results with farmers, compared to using a microscope for visual observation of samples. Dave also highlighted the need for better education on the proper storage of semen straws, as this significantly impacts semen quality.

Sperm Transport in the Female Genital Tract: When Does Motility Matter?

Picture of David Hambrook

David Hambrook

Jersey Island Genetics, Jersey Island

Through the Jersey Overseas Aid program, Dairy4Development, David Hambrook and his team are helping to strengthen the Rwandan dairy industry, helping smallholder farmers improve milk production. They are now using Dynescan to test semen straws to ensure the best quality for the cows, thus helping to ensure smallholders make enough money to survive. Dynescan is providing quality control through numerous challenges involved in the AI process, including the handling of samples, liquid nitrogen storage, and transportation.

Following the event, talks were  available online for free until July 31, 2024. They are now part of our Dynescan users’ dedicated platform at www.community.dyneval.com and will be translated into Spanish for our South American users. 

Dyneval’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr Tiffany Wood, remarks…

“This positive response affirms the value of Dynescan Day for knowledge exchange between users and Continued Professional Development. We look forward to hosting Dynescan Day events across the world for our growing global customer base.”

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